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CAPPADOCIA
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HISTORY
When we look at the history of Cappadocia, we see that the region was first active in the Hittite period. Due to its location on the route of the historical Silk Road, the region was a kind of trade center at that time, and this situation was BC. It continues until the destruction of the Hittites in the 12th century.
Afterwards, BC. In the 6th century, the Persians, BC. The Kingdom of Cappadocia was ruled during the reign of Alexander the Great in 332 BC, and then the Roman Empire until 17 AD. When the last King of Cappadocia died in 17 AD, the region became a Roman province.
The Cappadocia region became a center of education, religion and thought with the Christian people who settled here in the 3rd century AD. However, between AD 303-308, the pressure of the Roman Empire on the people of the region increased, and the people were making shelters and settlements that were rock-carved in the deep valleys, invisible from the outside, to hide from this pressure, persecution and invasion.
Again, in the 11th and 12th centuries AD, Arab raids prevailed in the region, and then the Seljuks dominated the region. In later periods, peace prevailed in the region during the last period of the Ottoman Empire, and after the Treaty of Lausanne, the Christian people here emigrate and leave Cappadocia between 1924-1926.
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
The continental climate prevails in the province of Nevşehir. Summers are hot and dry, winters are cold. The temperature stays below 0 (zero) ° C for 70 days a year and above + 30 ° C for 20 days. The average annual precipitation is between 388-353 mm. The further away from the Kızılırmak valley, the colder it gets. The temperature ranges between -28 ° C and + 40 ° C.
Vegetation: Nevşehir province is very poor in terms of vegetation. Forests and shrubbery are almost nonexistent. The plains look like steppes. Willow, poplar and cypress trees are found in Kızılırmak Valley and weak oak groves in Oylu Mountain. Meadows and pastures are 28% and cultivated-planted areas are 69%. Since the beginning of June, the greenery disappears and leaves its place to a yellow cover.
EVENTS IN CAPPADOCIA
This extraordinary structure and feature of Cappadocia is hidden in geographical formations for more than 60 million years. The Cappadocia region, which was an inland sea in the early days, the lava and ashes sprayed by the surrounding Erciyes Mountain, Hasan Mountain and Güllüdağ millions of years ago started to dry this area and the stone structures made of lava and ash began to form in the region.
These soft tuff layers started to change as a result of erosion by heavy wind, flood and rain water for millions of years and turned into valleys with erosion. Thus, conical bodies that seem to have a mushroom cap or hat on it, as we all know, began to form. These natural wonders are called fairy chimneys.
Cappadocia has also hosted many civilizations throughout history since the Stone Age. Using the advantage of this structure of the region, many rock-cut settlements, houses, monasteries, churches, chapels, and underground cities were built. Most of the fairy chimneys are also positioned in this way.
It was built invisible from the outside in order to hide the people living here, especially from the oppression, persecution and invasion of the Roman Empire, and became a living space for thousands of people.
TOURISM IN CAPPADOCIA
Avanos, Ürgüp, Göreme, Akvadi, Uçhisar and Ortahisar Castles, El Nazar Church, Aynalı Church, Güvercinlik Valley, Derinkuyu, Kaymaklı, Özkonak Underground Cities, Ihlara Valley, Selime Village, Çavuşin, Güllüdere Valley, Paşabağ-Zelve Anapınar Village. are required places. Traditional Cappadocia houses and dovecotes carved into the rocks show the originality of the region. These houses were built on the slopes in the 19th century either from rocks or cut stone. Stone, which is the only architectural material of the region, can be processed very easily because it is soft after quarrying due to the volcanic structure of the region, but after contact with air, it hardens and turns into a very durable building material. Due to the abundance of materials used and its easy processing, the stone workmanship unique to the region developed and became an architectural tradition. The material of both the courtyard and the house doors is wood. The upper part of the arched doors is decorated with stylized ivy or rosette motifs. The dovecotes in the region are small structures built at the end of the 19th century and in the 18th century. The surface of the pigeon lofts are decorated with rich ornaments and inscriptions by local artists. The region is also famous for winemaking and grape growing.
